In this research, we delve into the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization, examining its various dimensions, impacts, and challenges. Our scope encompasses economic, social, and environmental aspects, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex process. Our objectives are threefold: first, to analyze how globalization affects different sectors, regions, and stakeholders; second, to explore the strategies adopted by countries, companies, and SMEs to adapt to or benefit from globalization; and third, to evaluate the impacts of globalization on economic growth, inequality, and sustainability.

Globalization is defined as the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and societies through cross-border flows of goods, services, capital, information, and people. Its drivers include technological advancements, liberalization of trade and investment, and geopolitical shifts. Key actors in globalization include countries, multinational corporations (MNCs), international institutions, and civil society organizations. They play crucial roles in shaping global economic dynamics, with interests and influence spanning across various sectors and regions.

Economic interconnection is facilitated by global trade networks, international trade agreements, and financial integration. These mechanisms promote economic growth, development, and stability, but they also pose challenges related to inequality, environmental degradation, and social cohesion. Throughout history, globalization has evolved from ancient trade routes to modern-day global supply chains and digital economies. Key milestones, events, and trends have shaped its trajectory, driving economic integration and interconnectedness on a global scale.